Department of Urban & Regional Planning
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/703
2024-03-28T18:30:43ZRural - Urban differentials in infant mortality in Kakamega central sub - county, Kakamega county, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5903
Rural - Urban differentials in infant mortality in Kakamega central sub - county, Kakamega county, Kenya
OMEDI, Gilbert Maube
Despite the tremendous strides made in reducing childhood mortality, global infant mortality rate remains high, at 28 deaths per 1,000 live births. About 53 percent of the global infant deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. Majority of these deaths are as a result of improper access to prenatal care, childbirth delivery care and postnatal care services. These are correlated to geographical, socioeconomic, demographic and distance factors and yet it is not clearly documented. Infant mortality rate still remains high at 36 deaths per 1,000 live births in Kenya. Notably, in Kakamega County, the rate is at 37 deaths per 1,000 live births. This study aimed at examining rural-urban differentials in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to: establish the influence of geographical area of residence on the death of infants in rural and urban areas of Kakamega Central Sub-County; examine the influence of socioeconomic factors on the death of infants in rural and urban areas of Kakamega Central Sub-County; examine the influence of demographic factors on the death of infants in rural and urban areas of Kakamega Central Sub-County; and to assess the influence of the distance covered to the nearby medical facility on the death of infants in rural and urban areas of Kakamega Central Sub-County. A cross-sectional research design was used. Systematic random sampling was employed to obtain a sample of 422 mothers within the reproductive age range of 15 to 49 years. Purposive sampling was used to arrive at key informants that were engaged in the study. Primary data was collected by administering structured questionnaires, interviewing key informants and observation and photography. Secondary data was obtained from the 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census. Content validity ratio was computed to test data validity while data reliability was tested by computing Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of internal consistency. Qualitative data on nature of roads, level of education of the mother and maternal occupation were analysed by coding, creating categories, themes and patterns. Quantitative data on population density, number of health facilities, age of the mother and distance were analysed by descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses. The study revealed that the main contributors to rural-urban differentials in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub-County were nature of roads (aOR = 3.867; 95% CI = 1.079 – 3.857), first births (aOR = 3.492; 95% CI = 0.992 – 2.291) and high order births (aOR = 1.881; 95% CI = 0.584 – 6.063) in rural areas. Nature of roads and order of the index birth were insignificant in explaining urban infant mortality. In urban areas, a ≤ 24 months wait period prior to the index birth was significantly associated with post-neonatal (aOR = 3.294; 95% CI = 1.224 – 8.863) and infant (aOR = 3.616; 95% CI = 1.342 – 9.740) mortalities in comparison with a > 24 months wait period. A distance of 1.1 to 3.9 kilometres from one’s residence to the nearby medical facility had a higher likelihood of neonatal mortality (aOR = 2.127; 95% CI = 1.197 – 3.781) compared to an at most 1 kilometre distance. Wait period prior to the index birth and distance were not significant in rural mortalities. The study concluded that nature of roads, order of the index birth, wait period prior to the index birth, and distance were the main contributors to rural-urban differentials in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub-County. The study recommends concerted efforts towards road maintenance in rural areas; encouraging beyond-primary level female education; advocating for childbearing during the middle reproductive ages; and research on the influence of culture on infant mortality.
PhD Theses
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZExamining households energy consumption patterns and effects on environment in Siaya township, Siaya county, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5899
Examining households energy consumption patterns and effects on environment in Siaya township, Siaya county, Kenya
OUMA, Edwin Okoyo
Previous reports on Siaya county energy consumption reveal that woodfuel is the primary
source of energy. Such heavy dependence at 98% causes poverty and environmental problems
in the form of deforestation, biodiversity loss, air pollution, depletion of water sources and
land degradation. However, little is known about the energy consumption pattern in Siaya
Township ward. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the households’ energy
consumption pattern and effects on the environment in Siaya Township. It was to specifically
determine factors influencing household energy consumption, to spatially analyse household
energy consumption pattern, and to establish environmental effects associated with the use of
wood fuel. The study was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study design based on
cluster sampling. 411 households were sampled out of 8,043. Primary and secondary data
were analysed using SPSS descriptive statistical analysis and GIS spatial analysis,
respectively. The results revealed that socio-economic and geographic factors influence
energy consumption in Siaya Township. On the other hand, the direct effects on the
environment are a reduction in forest cover, loss of wetlands, biodiversity loss, land
degradation and depletion of water sources. The findings call for the county government in
collaboration with all stakeholders to put policies in place to help subsidise the installation
cost of green energy sources. Also, to train and build human capacity to install and maintain
such sources and put in place a credit facility for households that would want to invest on the
same. The finding of this study is expected to contribute to the knowledge of the energy
consumption patterns in contexts like Siaya Township. To this end, it would be of interest for
future studies to look at energy choice behaviour in the same context by choice modelling to
help bring a deeper understanding of energy consumption for future energy planning.
Master's Thesis
2019-01-01T00:00:00ZThe role of community radio programs in addressing urban environmental challenges in informal settlements, a case study of nyalenda informal settlement in kisumu city, kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5210
The role of community radio programs in addressing urban environmental challenges in informal settlements, a case study of nyalenda informal settlement in kisumu city, kenya
ODHIAMBO, Nicholas Omondi
Radio initiatives as part of broader communication for development strategies have been used by international organizations such as the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) among others since the late 1960s. Therefore, many people continue to rely on mass media for information education and entertainment hence through this behaviour change can be achieved. One of the major challenges in urban centres and more specifically in Kisumu City is the population pressure leading to informal settlement prowl and environmental degradation. This directly leads to unsustainable environmental resource management; the situation has been heightened by limited access to the information on the integrated resource base management. Rapid population growth in Nyalenda is responsible for many physical, socio-economic and environmental changes. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of community radio programs in addressing urban environmental challenges in informal settlements with specific reference to Nyalenda Informal Settlement in Kisumu City, Kisumu County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the status of community involvement in developing radio environmental programs addressing urban environmental problems in Nyalenda, to examine the relevance of the environmental programs aired by the Community-based Stations to the existing urban environmental problems in Nyalenda and finally to assess the perception of Nyalenda residents towards the environmental management programs aired by the three community-based radio stations. The study used descriptive research design. The target population was approximately 10,000 households in Nyalenda Informal Settlement from which a sample size of 323 households was derived using the Fischer’s formula. Household questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from the household heads (respondents). Qualitative data was collected using focus group discussion (FGD) and Key informant (KII). Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented in form of texts, frequency tables, pie-charts and graphs. Qualitative data was organized into themes and sub-themes analysed through context analysis. The study established that most of the listeners are never involved in programing and content development by the stations as only 12% of the respondents had actively taken part in developing the radio programs. On the relevance of the radio programs to the existing environmental problems in Nyalenda, the study established that 39% of the environmental programs aired by the three stations focused on solid waste management, 28% were on water and sanitation while 19% addressed sewage disposal. This clearly showed the relevance between the programs and the environmental problems. The study on perception of the radio programs by Nyalenda residents established that Majority of the respondents (75%) felt that the environmental management programs were very relevant in addressing the existing challenges being witnessed in the study area. 67% of the respondents strongly agreed that the radio provided them with new information on environmental conservation. 66% of the respondents strongly agreed that the radio programs had a positive influence in their activities. The radio programs had actually influenced a number of the respondents to initiate various environmental management activities within their residential areas with 70% of the households applying water treatment methods learnt from the radio while 63% had taken up active roles in improving their waste disposal. 58% of the respondents were actively participating in clean up exercises while 28% indicated they had enhanced their rain water harvesting techniques. This study recommends the adoption of community-based radios in championing for environmental conservation across the country.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZEvaluating farmers’ use of ICT to access information for making agricultural decisions in Kajulu location, Kisumu county, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1289
Evaluating farmers’ use of ICT to access information for making agricultural decisions in Kajulu location, Kisumu county, Kenya
OGOLA, Moses Raphael
The use of Information Communication Technology by farmers to access agricultural information has potential to improve agricultural productivity by enhancing the farmers’ information base for decision making. There is limited information on the current uptake of ICT by farmers in rural Locations thus making it difficult for stakeholders to determine the types of interventions required to improve the farmers’ information base. The purpose of this study was to establish the extent which Information Communication Technology is used by farmers to access information for making agricultural decisions in Kajulu location of Kisumu County. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the use of ICT in accessing information for making agricultural decisions in Kajulu location of Kisumu County Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the current level of ICT knowledge amongst farmers in Kajulu location, to establish the current ways through which farmers in Kajulu location access information for making agricultural decisions and to establish the challenges of using ICT to access information for making agricultural decisions. Stratified sampling was used to obtain a sample of 384 from a population of 9451 households. The cross section research design was used because the study was describing the current activities in Kajulu. Primary data was collected using household questionnaires and analyzed using frequencies and percentages. According to the findings, the highest percentage of those who had ICT knowledge were women at 55%. The age bracket 25-32 years, was the most knowledgeable (40%) about Information Communication Technology while the age group 45-57years was the least knowledgeable (7%). Those people who were educated past secondary level understood Information Communication Technology better and they represented 93% cumulatively. Non specified sources of information termed as (other) in the study was the most used by farmers to access information at 40%-this was non ICT related. ICT related channels were only used at 19%. The most preferred information was on agricultural inputs which was at 39%. Mixed farming was practiced by 47% of the respondents, subsistence farming by 30% and animal farming was 18% .69% of the respondents had experienced a challenge when using ICT. Lack of ICT skills was the most common challenge experienced at 44%. The study concludes that the level of ICT usage in accessing information is low because the people who make agricultural decisions have limited knowledge. The study also concludes that currently, farmers mostly use non ICT means to access information. Farmers also experience challenges in terms of lack of skills and network, thus making it hard for them to use ICT.The study subsequently recommends that both the county and central governments come up with digital training centers for farmers to be trained on how to use ICT to access information. The government should also support initiatives for farmers to own computers through price controls of the same and getting into agreement with financial institutions to facilitate farmers in owning ICT equipment. The county government of Kisumu should come up with farmers’ digital information centers with databases on all farming activities where farmers can use queries to retrieve tailored information, this will motivate farmers to use ICT to access the digital information. The study findings will help the policy makers in designing programs to improve farming decisions.
Masters' Project
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZPerformance contracting and service delivery at directorate of co-operatives in Nairobi county
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1280
Performance contracting and service delivery at directorate of co-operatives in Nairobi county
KIPCHIRCHIR, Nicholas Songok.
Performance contracting introduction to government ministries and agencies was aimed at improving service delivery. In 2006, Directorate of Co-operatives adopted and implemented performance contracting however, its performance on service delivery was unsatisfactory. The main objective of the research was to analyze performance contracting and service delivery at Directorate of Co-operatives in Nairobi County. The specific objectives were to assess performance contracting process, identify constraints experienced in implementation of performance contract and assess the customer perception on service delivery at the Directorate of Co-operative. Consequently, the research will enable the Directorate to come up with measures on how to enhance performance contracting to be able to deliver satisfactory services. The research adopted a descriptive research design and used multi-stage sampling targeting 251 co-operative societies. It also collected data from population of 105 co-operative staff. The Co-operative staff and co-operative societies formed the unit of analysis. Questionnaires and check list for data collection were prepared and pre-tested before administering. After collection, data was subjected to both qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis techniques by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software to run the descriptive statistics to generate frequency tables and measures of central tendencies. Finally, the results of data analysis were presented using frequency distribution tables, percentages, averages and graphs. Findings revealed that the relationship between the different management staff levels is poor, there exist a form of disconnect between the national government and the county government in performance contracting, the Directorate do not fully adhere to the performance contracting processes, experiences challenges in performance contract implementation and that it does not utilize customer surveys to deepen service provision. It is therefore affirmed that variables identified in research objectives are crucial in performance contracting and service provision. It is recommended that the Directorate should ensure that a mechanism for smooth operation of various levels of management be put in place. Secondly it should ensure that a mechanism for smooth operation of the two levels of government national and county government is put in place. Thirdly the Directorate should continuously assess and implement recommendations of customer surveys. Finally the Directorate should adhere to performance contracting processes, identify and mitigate challenges faced in performance contracting. The study also recommends that further studies should be done to facilitate proper implementation of Performance contract Management System between the national government and county governments. A research should also be carried to determine the influence of political behaviour and priorities on performance contracting and propose mitigating measures. The information generated from this research will go a long way in guiding the policy makers to improve performance contracting at the Directorate of co-operatives.
Masters' Thesis
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZAn evaluation of sanitation practices and preferences in selected small towns within Kisumu county, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1264
An evaluation of sanitation practices and preferences in selected small towns within Kisumu county, Kenya
OUMA, Benard Oronje
Progress towards achieving full sanitation coverage is still slow in small town settlements in most developing countries. Small towns are the new frontier in urbanization. However, investments have not kept pace with the growing demand for services. Small town’s water supply and sanitation is a neglected area globally and Kisumu County is no exception. Water supply and sanitation systems in small towns are typically too complex to be well managed by community groups, but too small to be financially viable for professional Water Service Providers (WSP). In Kisumu County, these unique challenges have led to on-site sanitation particularly pit latrines as the most popular sanitation choice. The limited sanitation choices has partly contributed to poor sanitation practices in small towns. Most studies on water and sanitation have focused mainly on large cities and rural areas without appreciating the unique characteristics of small towns and secondly on water at the expense of sanitation. The purpose of this study therefore was to assess sanitation practices and preference in selected small towns in Kisumu County. Specifically it aimed at assessing sanitation practices, determine factors influencing sanitation preferences and examine existing barriers to improving sanitation. These objectives were linked up with other components of the study using a conceptual framework. The study employed a cross sectional survey design, with 356 households sampled from a population of 4903 households using systematic random sampling. Purposive sampling was used to select participants for in-depth interviews and FGD. Primary data was collected through questionnaires and interview schedules. Documentation review was used to collect secondary data. Data analysis was done using cross-tabulations, Chi square test, log linear and factor analysis. The findings showed that most residents do not conform to good sanitation practices. It was found that 21% of respondents did not have any form of sanitation facility, majority of the households (59%) were sharing. Open defecation was still practiced by 16% of respondents while 31% admitted poor practices on management of children wastes. Hand washing after visiting latrine was practiced by 70% of the respondents. Pit latrine was the most common form of sanitation technology (72%). The study revealed reduced risk of diarrhea and lack of flies as the main health factors that influenced sanitation preference, both factors were statistically significant at p-value 0.039 and 0.01 respectively. For technical factors, availability of water and ground condition were prevalent and were statistically significant p-value 0.031 and 0.044. Further, cost was the main economic factor influencing preference. Only 20% of residents use improved sanitation. However, all respondents desired improved facilities but faced barriers among them lack of reticulated sewer network and unreliable water supply for sanitation. This study recommends that interventions in small towns target health education and hygiene awareness, upgrading of on-site facilities and utilizing the existing demand for improved sanitation as springboard for intervention. Further research is however needed on willingness to pay for improved sanitation within small towns.
Masters' Thesis
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZIntegrating urban agriculture into urban Landuse planning of Eldoret municipality
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1228
Integrating urban agriculture into urban Landuse planning of Eldoret municipality
KAMWELE, Hellen Wafula
Urban agriculture is practiced globally as a livelihood strategy; in Kenya it is in response to the current food insecurity situation. However, spatial development plans do not provide for urban agriculture in the urban core, rendering it marginalized and under theorized.. The purpose of this study is to identify the contribution of urban agriculture to food accessibility for all income groups as a basis for proposing a spatial framework for its integration into landuse planning. The objectives are to: examine the contribution of Urban Agriculture to food accessibility of households; examine determinants of spatial location affecting the integration of Urban Agriculture, examine policy and legal framework on the integration of urban agriculture into land use planning and examine challenges for integrating Urban Agriculture into land use planning. The study was guided by Sens’ entitlement Approach to food accessibility, and Critical Urban Theory. It was conducted through cross-sectional survey design. Questionnaires were administered randomly to 402 households sampled from 12,554 households. These were proportionately selected from the low, medium and high density estates through stratified sampling technique. Key informants’ interviews were done with government agencies. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis and presented in narrative form. Quantitative analysis included percentages, mean, and cross tabulations while findings were presented in tables and figures. Pearson’s correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis were used in the study. The study established that Urban Agriculture contributes to livelihoods through food accessibility by availing food for consumption, employment and income for all income groups. Determinants of spatial location of Urban Agriculture were found to be unavailability of land zoned for Urban Agriculture in the core of the town, security of tenure, accessibility, proximity to market and security of the area. The study established that there is lack of specific policy on Urban Agriculture to guide and control its development, while some existing laws were restrictive. Planning challenges were inadequate land, food safety issues, nuisance, poor market structures, low awareness and overall apathy towards the role of Urban Agriculture by government agencies. In conclusion, Urban Agriculture contributes to livelihood through food accessibility for all income groups. Its location in the core of urban areas offers it a comparative advantage with readily available market for the produce. This study recommends the integration of Urban Agriculture into land-use planning by formulation of specific policy on Urban Agriculture, reviewing and harmonizing Acts of Parliament, and implementing those that promote Urban Agriculture. A planning model of multifunctional land-use is proposed. These findings will be beneficial to national and county governments in the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals on reducing hunger and poverty. They will also contribution to the pool of critical literature on urban political ecology that seeks to thrust activities such as urban gardening into the core of city making process in Africa and elsewhere.
Phd Thesis
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZA comparative analysis of vehicle traffic flow at Jomo Kenyatta and Julius Nyerere international airport
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1210
A comparative analysis of vehicle traffic flow at Jomo Kenyatta and Julius Nyerere international airport
SARONGE, Bonnyventure
Traffic flow management is an ever-growing challenge in airports around the world as the number of travellers is continually increasing. Parking availability, in turn, is one of the most significant challenges that airport officials are trying to address. Most airports have similar needs with regards to traffic and parking; traffic incidents and parking problems cause congestion in the airport access roads. International airports over the years continue to experience increase in traffic flow resulting in travel delays, traffic jams, heavy congestion and insecurity. In 2012, the economic costs of delays at three major New York airports documented by consultants were estimated at almost $700 million for business travelers and$1 billion from tourist travelers. The situation is worse in the developing world where there is slow uptake of new technologies for traffic management. An example is Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) which experiences serious vehicle traffic management challenges owing to the fact that it is still using traditional manual systems for managing vehicle traffic flow within the airport whereas Julius Nyerere International Airport (JNIA) in the same region has adopted the use of more advanced system to manage its traffic. This study sets out to compare similarities and differences in traffic management between JKIA and JNIA with a view to establishing best practices towards improved traffic management. The main objective of the study was to examine the vehicle traffic flow management at JKIA and JNIA. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the time taken by vehicles into and out of the Jomo Kenyatta and Julius Nyerere airports, to examine the efficiency in the usage of designated vehicle parking spaces at the airports and to examine the security position at the airports. The study adopted a cross sectional study design. The population comprised all people who drive into the airport facility (the assumption is that all people who come to the airport drive or are driven and therefore have knowledge/information on transport related matters). The sample was stratified sampling to obtain the sample size to which a comparative analysis was done. The sample included local travelers, international travelers, taxi drivers, individual visitors, company drivers and export/import drivers. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and observation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The study established that time taken to get into the airport after arriving at the first security check area was much shorter at JNIA compared to JKIA. At JNIA 67% took less than one minute while at JKIA only 13% took a similar time. The efficiency in the usage of designated vehicle parking spaces was better at JNIA where 95% took less than minute to locate parking at the passenger terminal while at JKIA 19% took a similar time. At JNIA the average efficiency score of parking signage was 63% while at JKIA it was 46%. For JNIA average negative attributes score was 6% while for JKIA it was 39%. The throughput at JNIA is much better than that at JKIA for both the cargo and the main passenger gates and on average travellers would take twice the time to enter and exit the airport at JKIA compared to one at JNIA. Both airports have however not met the accepted international standards. Their uptake of technology is still relatively low compared to other international Airports. The infrastructure at the two airports needs to be improved to allow for multiple options in transportation such as train and underground metros. The results of the study can be used by the decision makers to improve traffic management in their respective airports.
Masters Project
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZAssessing the socio-economic effect of dominion farm in Uranga division, Siaya county, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1207
Assessing the socio-economic effect of dominion farm in Uranga division, Siaya county, Kenya
OKOTH, Zacheus Okech
Limited land resource has resulted into poor conditions of locals in Uranga Division, Siaya County, Kenya leading to reclamation, conversion, or development of wetlands. Uranga Division has seen the reclamation, development, and conversion of wetland in Yala swamp through the Dominion Farm Project. While numerous studies have been done in this area on the impact on the ecosystem and soil structure, very little has been done on the socio-economic effects of dominion farm activity in Yala wetland. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess socio-economic effect of Dominion Farm in Yala swamp. The specific objectives included to examine the economic changes brought by the project on the lives of people of Uranga Division, assess social changes brought by the project on interaction of people in Uranga Division, and evaluate the level of benefit sharing to the community. The conceptual framework indicates that economic and social effectson the community were identified in addition to examining the level of benefit sharing principle. While anchoring the study on benefit sharing model, corelational and mixed mixed methodoly research designs were employed. The target population included all the households in Uranga Division, which were represented by a sample of 398participants. The sample included 385 households (house heads were units of analysis), 10 locals, and 3 representatives from Dominion Company. Instrument for data collection was questionnaire, FGD, and interview schedule. Validity of instruments was determined by experts in School of Planning and Architecturewhose input was included. Reliability of instruments was determined by Cronbach alpha coefficient at 0.7 threshold from which a value of .89 was obtained implying that it was very reliable. Quantitative data was analysed using frequency counts and percentages, and Pearson Correlation. Qualitative data was transcribed and analysed in emerging themes and sub-themes. The study established significant positive relationship between use of wetland and economic impact (r = .713), use of wetland and social impact (r = .607), use of wetland and level of benefit sharing (r = .611) among households in Uranga Division. Qualitative findings also confirmed that other than different uses of wetlands, the Dominion Farm Project activities have had significant socio-economic impacts with mixed reactions on benefits sharing principles. The study concluded that there were positive changes brought by economic, social and benefit sharing practices of Dominion Firm to the community and recommended that there should be enhanced benefit sharing.
Masters Project
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZThe influence of strategic security plans on organization management: a case of Kenya ports authority
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1197
The influence of strategic security plans on organization management: a case of Kenya ports authority
NANDASAVA, Luke N.
Dynamic environments characterized by technological, economic, and political change increasingly requires organizational alertness among public organizations. The survival and success of an organization occurs when the organization creates and maintains a match between its strategy and the environment and also between its internal capability and its strategy. Kenya Ports Authority (KPA) envisions itself to be World class seaports of choice with a mission of facilitating and promoting global maritime trade through provision of competitive port services. Strategic security plans is the process of choosing the organization's security goals and ways to achieve them in response to the challenges posed by the operating environment. Organizations have to adequately and promptly respond to these challenges in the environment for them to be successful. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of strategic security plans to KPA management. The study was conducted within the Kenya Ports Authority in Mombasa. KPA has 32 departments with 7 division heads. This formed a target population of 39. Purposive sampling was further used to select key respondents for structured interviews. The study used primary data collected using questioners and interview guides on the departmental managers at KPA. The data obtained from the questionnaires and interview guide was analyzed using content analysis. The data was then presented in prose format. The study established that it is impossible to separate the concept of security transformation from the pragmatic day-to-day discipline necessary to achieve it. In order to transform security infrastructure, organization must ensure that each security project clearly maps back to the organization’s strategic business objectives. KPA has successfully restructured its organization, there is need to focus on change management issues, proper organizational communication and adequate strategic security plans. Strategic security plans at KPA enabled the organization to redesign and improve business work processes radically but there is still need for initiatives that emphasize incremental improvement in the whole strategic security planning process and output to cope with changes in the ever changing business environment. In light of the findings, the study recommends that security awareness training be done regularly to enable both the management and employees understand system vulnerabilities and threats to organization operations that are present.
Masters' Thesis
2017-01-01T00:00:00Z