Cardiovascular risk factors among people living with HIV in rural Kenya: a clinic-based study
Publication Date
2019-07-01Author
Kenneth Juma, Roseanne Nyabera, Sylvia Mbugua, George Odinya, James Jowi, Mzee Ngunga, David Zakus, Gerald Yonga
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Show full item recordAbstract/ Overview
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular
risk factors and their association with antiretroviral therapy
(ART) among HIV-infected adults in a rural sub-county
hospital in Kenya.
Methods: This was a descriptive survey of patient charts
characterising cardiovascular risk among adult patients (> 18
years) at Ukwala sub-county hospital between June 2013 and
January 2015. Post-stratification survey weights were applied
to obtain prevalence levels. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for
each variable related to cardiovascular risk factors were calculated
using logistic regression models.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 0.4%,
0.3% of patients had had a previous cardiovascular event
(heart attack or stroke), 40.4% had pre-hypertension, while
10.4% had stage 1 and 2.9% stage 2 hypertension. Up to 14%
of patients had elevated non-fasting total cholesterol levels.
Factors associated with hypertension were male gender (AOR
1.59, p = 0.0001), being over 40 years of age (AOR 1.78, p =
0.0001) and having an increased waist circumference (OR
2.56, p = 0.0014). Raised total cholesterol was more likely in
those on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) (AOR 2.2, p
= 0.0042), azidothymidine (AZT) (AOR 2.5, p = 0.0004) and
stavudine (D4T)-containing regimens (AOR 3.13, p = 0.0002).