dc.description.abstract | Hiponimia ni uhusiano wa kifahiwa unaodhihirika baina ya leksimu ya jumla (hipanimu) na mahususi
(hiponimu). Kama vile hipanimu mzazi hujumuisha hiponimu baba na mama. Uhusiano huu wa kihiponimia ulidhukuriwa na wanaisimu wa awali kuwa unahusisha leksimu nomino pekee. Hata hivyo,
tafiti za hivi punde zinadhihirisha kuwa hiponimia huweza kudhihirika pia miongoni mwa kategoria za
vivumishi, vielezi na vitenzi. Ingawa kuna midhihiriko ya hiponimia za vitenzi vya Kiswahili, wataalamu kadha wameelekea kushughulikia hiponimia za nomino na kutotilia maanani vitenzi. Hivyo basi,
makala hii imechanganua uhusiano wa kihiponimia unaodhihirika miongoni mwa vitenzi teule vya
Kiswahili. Katika kushughulikia suala hili, hipanimu vitenzi 24 kutoka kamusi za Kiswahili zimeteuliwa kimakusudi na hiponimu husika kutolewa. Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Vijenzi kwa mujibu wa Katz
na Fodor imezingatiwa katika uchanganuzi wa hiponimia hizi. Katika nadharia hii, sifa bainifu za
hiponimu husika huonyeshwa kwa kutumia alama maalum za [+, -]. Data kuhusu hiponimia za vitenzi
ilipekuliwa kutoka kamusi za Kiswahili kwa kuzingatia mwelekeo wa kiishara au kisintaksia kwa
mujibu wa Hearst, na Snow na wenzake ili kuweza kutambua hipanimu na hiponimu husika katika
sentensi. Hiponimia hizi zimechanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kwa mtindo wa nadharia ya seti.
Hyponymy is a sense relation existing between general lexemes (hypernym) and the specific ones
(hyponym). For instance, a hypernym parent includes hyponyms like father and mother. The
hyponymy relation was regarded by earlier linguists that it could exist only amongst nouns. However,
recent studies indicate that hyponymy can also be manifested in other categories such as adjectives,
adverbs and verbs. Though there is hyponymy relation existing amongst Kiswahili verbs, various scholars have tended to focus on nominal hyponymy and disregard verbal hyponymy. Therefore, this article
has analyzed the hyponymy relation existing amongst selected Kiswahili verbs. In this regard, 24
verbal hypernyms from Kiswahili dictionaries were purposively sampled and their specific hyponyms
indicated. Componential Analysis theory by Katz and Fodor has been used in the analysis of these
hyponyms. The theory focuses on distinctive features of specific hyponyms that are normally shown
by the use of specific signs [+, -]. The data on verbal hyponymy was observed from the Kiswahili
dictionaries by the application of symbolic or syntactic approach propounded by Hearst, and Snow et
al in order to identify the hypernyms and specific hyponyms in a sentence. These hyponymy relations
are analyzed and presented using the set theory style. | en_US |