School of Medicine: Recent submissions
Now showing items 361-380 of 560
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Immunogenicity of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine and implications for duration of vaccine efficacy: secondary analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial
(Elsevier, 2015)Background The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein, inducing antibodies associated with the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infection. We assessed the association between anti-circumsporo ... -
Safety and immunogenicity of RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine in infants and children with WHO stage 1 or 2 HIV disease: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial
(Elsevier, 2016)Background Malaria remains a major global public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The RTS,S/AS01 malaria candidate vaccine was reviewed by the European Medicines Agency and received a positive scientific ... -
Using health and demographic surveillance systems for teratovigilance in Africa
(Elsevier, 2016)Increased funding in the past decade has improved healthcare coverage of the population and access to vaccines and drugs across sub-Saharan Africa.1 However, there is still a need to collect valid and sufficient baseline ... -
Male partner involvement in efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya, 2015
(2017)Introduction male partner involvement in elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) of HIV activities remains low in Western Kenya, despite its importance in reducing rates of child HIV transmission. We sought ... -
Assessing levels and trends of adult mortality in Sub Saharan Africa using INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance systems
(2017)There is still a considerable dearth of knowledge regarding adult mortality and premature deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Attempts to measure adult mortality using censuses and cross-sectional surveys rely mainly on ... -
Daily home fortification with iron as ferrous fumarate versus NaFeEDTA: a randomised, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial in Kenyan children
(BioMed Centra, 2017)Background: We aimed to show the non-inferiority of home fortification with a daily dose of 3 mg iron in the form of iron as ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) compared with 12.5 mg iron as encapsulated ferrous ... -
Longitudinal estimation of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in relation to malaria prevention measures in six sub-Saharan African countries
(BioMed Central, 2017)Background Plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR) is a widely used metric for assessing malaria transmission intensity. This study was carried out concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine Phase III trial ... -
Host-mediated selection impacts the diversity of Plasmodium falciparum antigens within infections
(Nature Publishing Group, 2018)Host immunity exerts strong selective pressure on pathogens. Population-level genetic analysis can identify signatures of this selection, but these signatures reflect the net selective effect of all hosts and vectors in a ... -
A Spatiotemporal Analysis of HIV-Associated Mortality in Rural Western Kenya 2011–2015
(2018)Background: Reliable data on the HIV epidemic is critical for the measurement of the impact of HIV response and for the implementation of further interventions. Methods: We used mortality data from the Kombewa health ... -
A comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality by household socioeconomic status across seven INDEPTH network health and demographic surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa
(Taylor & FrancisTaylor & Francis, 2019)ABSTRACT Background: Understanding socioeconomic disparities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality can help inform prevention and treatment strategies. Objectives: To quantify cause-specific mortality rates by ... -
A neonatal nutrition network for sub-Saharan Africa
(www.infantjournal.co.uk/writing.html, 2020) -
Molecular identity of mycobacteria isolates in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kisumu County, Western Kenya
(tuberculosis, 2017)Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most challenging diseases to control in the world today and it has become a major global health problem especially in immunocompromised people such as HIV/AIDS. The problem ... -
Safety profile of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in infants and children: additional data from a phase III randomized controlled trial in sub-Saharan Africa
(Taylor & Francis, 2019)A phase III, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial (NCT00866619) in sub-Saharan Africa showed RTS,S/AS01 vaccine efficacy against malaria. We now present in-depth safety results from this study. 8922 children (enrolled ... -
Safety and immunogenicity of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine in infants and children identified as HIV-infected during a randomized trial in sub-Saharan Africa
(Vaccine, 2020)We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in a subset of children identified as HIV-infected during a large phase III randomized controlled trial conducted in seven sub-Saharan African ... -
Association between Haematological parameters and Sickle cell genotypes in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria residents in Kisumu County in Western Kenya
(Research Squire, 2020)ackground: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disorder due to point mutation in the β-globin gene resulting in substitution of Valine for Glutamic acid. The SCD is prevalent in P. falciparum endemic regions such as ... -
Estimating Annual Fluctuations in Malaria Transmission Intensity and in the Use of Malaria Control Interventions in Five Sub-Saharan African Countries
(The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2020)RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine safety, effectiveness, and impact will be assessed in pre- and post-vaccine introduction studies, comparing the occurrence of malaria cases and adverse events in vaccinated versus unvaccinate ... -
Malignant obstructive jaundice: Factors predictive of non Resectability at kenyatta National Hospital
(University of Nairobi, 2010)Malignant obstructive jaundice is a rising cause of mortality and morbidity in surgical patients worldwide. Most patients at time of presentation have advanced disease. Surgery remains the only curative mode of treatment ... -
Sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy
(The Surgical Society of Kenya, 2010)Sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy is a rare condition that poses a myriad of challenges in diagnosis and management of the patient. It demands on the clinician a high index of suspicion, immediate treatment involving resuscitation ... -
Utility of CT scan and CA 19-9 in Predicting Non Resectability in Malignant Obstructive Jaundice . Feb 2014. :1. 22-27.
(2014-02)Background: Most patients with malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) present with non-resectable disease. Non curative laparotomy has been associated with adverse outcome. There is need to predict non-resectable disease and ... -
The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator: development and validation of a tool for identifying African surgical patients at risk of severe postoperative complications
(Elsevier, 2018-12-01)Background The African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) showed that surgical patients in Africa have a mortality twice the global average. Existing risk assessment tools are not valid for use in this population because the ...